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دیدن لینک ها برای شما امکان پذیر نیست. لطفا ثبت نام کنید یا وارد حساب خود شوید تا بتوانید لینک ها را ببینید.
is a multipurpose textile product made from different coating formulation grade of polymer that has high durability material to withstand hot, windy and raining weather. This causes a problem in which it is difficult to dispose naturally due to its non-degradable characteristic. An experimental investigation was conducted on determining the workability of the concrete mixture with addition of non-degradable crushed polyvinyl tarpaulin using slump test and also the effect on the compressive strength of the concrete mixture by using hydraulic compressive machine. The crushed polyvinyl tarpaulin was proportioned ranging 5% to 30% with respect to cement’s percent by weight in kg. This specimen was molded in a cubic 100mm x 100mm x 100mm with constant volume of cement, sand and gravel at 1:1.5:4 mix proportion of concrete mix design 30MPa in 28 days using DOE method. The result was compared against control sample shows workability of fresh concrete reduced by increment amount of crushed polyvinyl tarpaulin in the concrete mixture. For the compressive strength, performance of concrete with minimum percentage of crushed polyvinyl دیدن لینک ها برای شما امکان پذیر نیست. لطفا ثبت نام کنید یا وارد حساب خود شوید تا بتوانید لینک ها را ببینید.
in concrete mixture were higher than designed concrete mixture but lower than the control sample.
Tarpaulin is a large piece of dense, elastic, water-proof or water-resistant materials, usually made of cloth or polyester, is packaged in rigid polyurethane, or made of polyethylene and plastic. A large sheet of thick, flexible, water resistant or waterproof material, mostly made up of the fabric, or polyester, is packaged in rigid polyurethane, or made of polyethylene and plastic.دیدن لینک ها برای شما امکان پذیر نیست. لطفا ثبت نام کنید یا وارد حساب خود شوید تا بتوانید لینک ها را ببینید.
is to be addictive and the eyes, on the corners and edges, glue glasses to allow them to be tagged or it will be suspended. Tarpaulins are used in several ways in order to protect the people and things out of the wind, the rain and the sun. They can be used during construction, or after a natural disaster, to protect the buildings that are under construction or have been damaged, to prevent contamination during the creative process, etc., etc. and for the storage and collection of waste.
Tarpaulin have been used in various ways in order to protect the people and things out of the wind, the rain and the sun. They can be used during construction, or after a natural disaster, to protect the built and damaged buildings, in order to avoid contamination during the creative process, and similar activities, for the storage and collection of waste. They are to be used for the protection of the open cargo trucks, trailers and semi-trailers, as well as for storing large amounts of dry wood and on the equipment such as tents and other temporary structures. The awnings are used for printing, and in particular, to the large panels. Cone-shaped covers are most often used for medium-and large-scale advertising and / or customers in order to protect the purpose of the risk reduction in the exposure. The Tarpaulins have been proven to be a popular source of low-cost water-resistant. A lot of professional and amateur artists, with plywood-manufacturers boats are turning to plastic on a roll, since it is cheaper and easier to use. With the right type of tape you can create a canvas that can be used in a small boat, without any sew.
Tarpaulin will be used in several ways in order to protect the people and things out of the wind, the rain and the sun. They have been used in the construction of, or after natural disasters, and the protection of buildings, under construction, or have been damaged, to prevent contamination during the creative process, and similar activities, for the storage and collection of waste. PVC canopies are a three-layer fabric that is used for the screams to be inserted between the two sheets of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film. Plastic-is the one to open the material is made of cotton fabric, polyester fabric, nylon fabric, polyester fabric, and composite materials.
Cargo truck Tarpaulins: A reliable, heavy-duty waterproof jacket designed for the truck to drive. They can be a suitable product for vehicles that need to travel long distances to work in a safe and convenient place. Heavy-duty, plastic and rubber materials are used to make the tent for the country. Mesh Tarpaulins: They are made of nylon and are ideal for situations where you want the tarp to keep the water or in the air. They can be used in the construction of the tent with screen and shade, such as in the air, and it also reduces the amount of air that gets to the plate. When a strong wind blows, the dust, and a little bit from one side to the other. Lumber Tarpaulins: even Though it's not the most popular game genre, and split wood, and has a wide range of applications. Please make sure that you and your partner, the manufacturer shall, for a smooth, UV-coverage of your product. This helps to keep the logs dry and separate from the harmful rays of the sun. The size of the wood sailboats, as a rule, is subject to its features. Canvas Tarpaulins: Truck دیدن لینک ها برای شما امکان پذیر نیست. لطفا ثبت نام کنید یا وارد حساب خود شوید تا بتوانید لینک ها را ببینید.
is woven, and made out of natural or synthetic fibers. This is one of the oldest forms of sails, used for various purposes since time immemorial. They can withstand the wind, and the double porch is a great choice for artists, and representatives from the transport industry. Even though it is 100% waterproof, it is able to absorb the paint and prevent it from leaking. And it is not just the sensitive surface, and a fixed beam, and the road to protect against slip and slide. To facilitate recycling, not only R&D but also the creation of efficient recycling systems—collection and processing of recyclates as well as finding appropriate end-uses—is essentially important. PVC has a particular advantage in regards to mechanical recycling when compared to other major plastics. However, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to a solution. Specific situations of used or off-cut products and their applications need to be well studied. Vinyl industry in Japan has devoted itself for many years to the promotion of recycling of vinyl products. It started an R&D support program in 2007 and seven projects have been completed since then. Some of the new developments include mechanical recycling for products like wall covering and tarpaulin which were considered difficult to recycle in the past. Progress in chemical recycling has been made with a technology for the removal of chlorine from shredder dusts. Recovery of chlorine is a challenge for the future. Collaboration among the various players involved in the recycling of a specific product is essential for obtaining a successful result.
PVC products have an advantage over other plastics with regard to their suitability for mechanical recycling. The portion of PVC products—including both used, off-cut products, and wastes in the production facilities—recycled was estimated at 32 %, while in all other major plastics it was 22 % in Japan (2011) [1]. In general, PVC products are used for infrastructure, housing and building supplies and are used for much longer periods than other plastic products. Long life and easiness to recycle, in addition to less use of fossil resources as compared to other major plastics, can contribute much to enhance environmental protection and sustainability. Nevertheless, there still remains a negative image which is mostly due to the past misunderstanding of association with dioxin emissions, which has been proved to be reduced dramatically by controlling incinerating conditions [2, 3] and not correlated to the chlorine content of the burned substances [4].
With a view to demonstrating the environmental advantages of PVC products, the PVC industry in Japan has been working on recycling PVC products. It reiterated its commitment to the promotion of recycling in 2007 and released the “PVC Recycle Vision” [5]. Similar industry-led actions to facilitate PVC recycling can be found in many parts in the world. An example of such industry-wide systematic approaches to cover various types of PVC products was an initiative in Europe, or the “Vinyl 2010” [6, 7] and its following program of “Vinyl Plus”.
In Japan, PVC resin manufacturers have been playing a leading role in developing new technological alternatives for PVC products and started an R&D support program [8] to explore new technologies with high commercial application potential. The program covers half of the total expenses of adopted projects excluding labor costs and overheads, up to 20,000,000 yen (approximately 200,000 USD in 2013) per project for 2 years.
The R&D support program in Japan is a unique approach, although, development of new or more efficient technologies or applications for used PVC materials is a common interest for vinyl industry in many parts in the world. The “Vinyl Plus” of Europe declares that it targets for “new recycling technologies to account for 100,000 tons/year of its overall recycling target. With the support of the upstream industry, Vinyl Plus will investigate new ways to create controlled-loop solutions for difficult-to-recycle PVC material streams such as composite and/or contaminated/difficult-to-sort material. Vinyl Plus will encourage ideas and investments in new technology or expansion of existing innovative recycling solutions” [9]. The details of its approach have not been reported yet, and it is not known if there are plans to create a similar R&D support program or not. US PVC industry is also promoting recycling [10] but does not have a similar R&D support program now. In the developing world, many PVC products are recycled on commercial basis. A study in Thailand found that not much PVC products were found in the waste disposal sites [11].
Japan’s R&D support program was founded in 2007. Since then, seven projects have been completed and three of them are currently in operation. They are either open new ways to materials which are thought difficult to recycle or develop new applications for recyclates.
The project was adopted in 2008 and successfully completed in 2010. It was a unique technology proposal to separate PVC compounds and fibers as they are found in products such as tarpaulins and wall coverings by hitting chopped pieces of composite material with fins attached to a high speed rotating drum. The fins hit the chopped pieces at a speed of some 200 km/h. PVC compounds and fibers are detached and separated from each other through their different specific gravities [12].
It was an innovative recycling technology proposal for PVC composite products which had been considered difficult to recycle mechanically. The wall coverings industry has long been looking for an effective means to recycle their products—both edge-cuts at production or off-cuts at the construction and refurbishment sites, and post use products—and showed strong interest in the proposal. The proposal was seen potentially promising for the edge-cuts and off-cuts.
The project proposer was a small venture which had been developing various types of machines to sell. Searching for best conditions and testing durability and safety of operations were major elements of the R&D proposal. As the technology was so unique and interesting, the project proposer received funding from the local government.
The technology was successful and proved promising. The separation worked beautifully as separated PVC compounds contained only 1 % of fibers, and the fibers contained only 1 % of PVC compounds when thoroughly separated. However, it took time to find out how the technology could be economically adopted in an actual business scenario. Finding stable supply sources of wall coverings or دیدن لینک ها برای شما امکان پذیر نیست. لطفا ثبت نام کنید یا وارد حساب خود شوید تا بتوانید لینک ها را ببینید.
as well as the users of both the separated PVC compounds and fibers was necessary. The original hope of selling machines was an enormous challenge. In the meantime, the machine manufacturer got involved in a chain bankruptcy.
Fortunately, the technology attracted the attention of a waste processing company (Shinwa Kankyo Co. Ltd.) which had a clearer idea than the machine maker of how wall coverings or tarpaulins could be collected and the separated compounds and fibers could be used. The company made efforts to improve the machine, particularly its durability, as well as the material feeder in order to efficiently chop the wall coverings. It plans to additionally treat tarpaulins in the future. It started commercial operation in September 2011 and runs several machines in parallel with a capacity of processing 300 tons/month of wall coverings [13]. The technology was later proved to be effective to process used wall coverings and the company is now trying to expand their sources of raw materials.
The separated PVC compounds have various applications such as floorings, tile carpets and mats. The fibers are short in lengths and not good enough to make fabricated goods or non-woven papers. They were first used as material for cat litter. Later, in collaboration with a PVC product manufacturer the company developed lightweight coasters and bath mats with the PVC compounds and fibers plus virgin resin materials. The compounds received the “Biomass Mark [14]” as they contain recovered biomass in the form of fibers. Then, it also worked with another PVC product manufacturer (Link Planet Co. Ltd.) and developed thick curing sheets made of the separated PVC compounds (30 %), and cable sheaths (70 %) [15, 16]. The sheets are lightweight compared to metal sheets and therefore easy to move. Nevertheless, they can endure the weight of heavy machines. They are more flexible and resilient and thus do not break easily, and more fire-retardant compared to similar products made of polyethylene [17, 18]. They are now being used at construction or temporary event sites.
The separation machine still needs improvement, in particular regarding durability. Since the rotor spins very fast, the axis may experience metal fatigue. Improvements in machine design or choice of materials for the machines and further adjustment of the operation conditions may be needed. In addition, effective removal of cutter blades which are often disposed together with used wall coverings remains an issue to be addressed.