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Steel pipes are the most commonly used pipes in water supply systems. They are also used in pipelines for natural gas, and sewerage systems. Although comparatively expensive to other pipes, they hold the advantage of being able to withstand high pressures and are available in more convenient lengths, and can also be welded easily, thereby resulting in lower installation and transportation costs. These types of pipes are highly efficient and can be used in small diameters as needed and are 100% recyclable compared to other materials. The pipes can further be melted down and turned into other usable material in industry. Furthermore, the high strength of these pipes and resistance to damage caused by human errors, tree roots, and extreme weather conditions make these pipes the ideal choice for most water and sewerage supply systems.
The disadvantages of steel pipes include thermal conductivity, which is very poor as there is a difference in heat transfer. These types of pipes are usually bonded with aluminum or copper to increase thermal conductivity and improve heat transfer. Cost is another issue, as these pipes are expensive and this is guided by the misconception of being a one-time purchase. However, دیدن لینک ها برای شما امکان پذیر نیست. لطفا ثبت نام کنید یا وارد حساب خود شوید تا بتوانید لینک ها را ببینید.
are difficult to fabricate and lack the malleable qualities that other materials have, therefore repairs and replacements of steel pipes are extra difficult.
Steel pipe is required in the majority of oil and gas production and pipeline applications. ASME A53 and A106 and API 5L seamless, electric resistance welding (ERW), and submerged arc welding (SAW) دیدن لینک ها برای شما امکان پذیر نیست. لطفا ثبت نام کنید یا وارد حساب خود شوید تا بتوانید لینک ها را ببینید.
are commercially available and most commonly used in pipeline systems. PVC, fiberglass, polypropylene, and other materials may be used in low-pressure and utility applications. ASME B31.4 and B31.8 allow the use of alternate materials in very restricted applications. Seamless pipe is seldom used in pipeline applications because of the higher cost and limited availability. From a design and regulatory perspective, pipe made with ERW and SAW seams is equivalent to seamless pipe and is less costly. Note: This is not true for piping systems designed in accordance with ASME B31.3.
For high-pressure pipeline, high-grade pipe, such as API 5L grades X42, X52, X60, and X65, is selected because much thinner wall pipe can be used, which significantly reduces pipe costs. Construction cost savings also are realized, as the welding time is reduced and material shipping/handling costs are reduced.
Steel pipe is normally used for pipelines operating at a pressure of 100 psig or more. Steel pipe withstands high pressures, is durable, and has a long operating life cycle. Fiberglass, PVC, or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe is used in certain instances for low-pressure gas gathering pipelines. Components of the pipeline include the following: pipes, valves, fittings, and equipment such as metering, pumps, and compressors.
In this book, we are concerned only with transporting hydrocarbons such as natural gas, refined petroleum products, crude oil, and liquefied petroleum gas in steel pipelines. Therefore, we will not deal with materials such as PVC pipe.
دیدن لینک ها برای شما امکان پذیر نیست. لطفا ثبت نام کنید یا وارد حساب خود شوید تا بتوانید لینک ها را ببینید.
is generally used aboveground for firewater lines. Underground piping systems can be constructed of steel, cement-lined steel, or high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Concrete is sometimes used but is seldom economical except in large diameters. HDPE does not corrode, resists accumulation of scale, and is very ductile and lightweight. But, because it fails when heated, it can only be used in buried installations, where it is also protected from mechanical damage and radiant heat.
High-performance butterfly valves and gate valves are recommended for block valves in firewater distribution systems. They should provide reasonably tight shutoff and use sealing materials that do not swell or deteriorate with age. Any valve that may be buried, and that may therefore not receive frequent maintenance, should be very durable.
Steel pipe should be used aboveground for firewater lines. Underground piping systems can be constructed of steel, cement-lined steel, or high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Concrete is sometimes used but is seldom economical except in large diameters. HDPE does not corrode, resists accumulation of scale, and is very ductile and lightweight. Because it fails when heated, HDPE pipe can only be used in buried installations. Burial also provides protection from mechanical damage.
LayoutThe topic of equipment and piping layout is discussed in Chapter 11. Issues to do with the layout of a firewater system are described below.
In climates where freezing does not occur, above-ground installation of steel firewater distribution lines has the advantages of low first cost and ease of inspection and repair. In cold climates, distribution lines should be buried below the frost line.
When possible, firewater mains should be arranged in loops around process facility and tank farms. Shutoff valves should be located to allow isolation of system segments for maintenance while still providing water for all facilities. The minimum water rate with a section of pipe out of service should be at least 60% of the design rate at design pressure for that area. A firewater header should be provided in each process facility area to serve hose stations.
Steel pipes have various advantages for your next industrial or residential project. Steel tubing is used in a variety of industries, from industrial manufacturing to sculpture. One of the applications for steel tube is in plumbing, where it is used to replace traditional plastic pipes with stainless steel pipes. Stainless steel piping is more expensive than plastic piping, but it has a number of advantages over the latter. Steel pipe buyers consider these advantages -
ANTI-STAIN AND ANTI-CORROSIONCorrosion is the number one adversary of metal piping. The exterior of iron, steel and concrete pipework will deteriorate due to soil and UV rays. Other types of piping inside walls appear to rust, become damaged by abrasion, or accumulate debris. However, due to corrosion resistance of stainless steel, this happens rarely. This gives stainless steel an advantage in areas such as sanitary water distribution and hospital applications.
VALUEWhen you buy stainless steel 316 pipes, you're getting a durable product that will last for decades. It is a long-lasting substance that is simple to maintain and install. Because of its corrosion-resistant qualities, stainless steel is low-maintenance and unlikely to need to be replaced for decades.
STABILITY AND ADAPTABILITYStainless steel can be treated with various elements such as molybdenum, nickel, or nitrogen to improve its corrosion resistance. Stainless steel can endure high temperatures. By adding various materials to stainless steel, thin pipe walls can be achieved, resulting in a lighter finished product that is suited for a wide range of commercial and industrial applications.
ATTRACTIVENESSExposed دیدن لینک ها برای شما امکان پذیر نیست. لطفا ثبت نام کنید یا وارد حساب خود شوید تا بتوانید لینک ها را ببینید.
and fittings are a good choice for commercial premises because the material is naturally bright and attractive.
ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLYStainless steel is not a petroleum-based product. Unlike other pipe materials, it does not require any type of coating or lining. When you require disposing of or repairing stainless steel piping, it is 100% recyclable, reducing the environmental impact.
Steel, like iron, has helped building in particular since it is a more practical alternative to other metals. Steel is corrosion-resistant, making it more long-lasting and cost-effective. It also means that, because they can survive them, these pipes can be used in regions that are constantly exposed to the elements.
Steel pipes can be used for a variety of purposes.DOMESTIC BUSINESSStainless steel 304 pipes are a popular choice in many homes since they are more durable, which means you won't have to replace them every few seasons. Any plumber would recommend stainless steel pipe for your tub, tap, and the rest of the structure, especially exposed pipes, because it is more resistant to the elements. They're also thought to be hardier.
INDUSTRY OF MEDICINEIf doctors use it, it must be safe, therefore that's another steel tick. Steel pipes have been utilized for everything in the medical field, including shattered bones, medical equipment, surgical tools, dental treatments, and even pharmaceutical assistance. Steel's versatility is a testament to its durability, protection, and adaptability.
INDUSTRY OF CONSTRUCTIONThis is one of the most obvious uses for دیدن لینک ها برای شما امکان پذیر نیست. لطفا ثبت نام کنید یا وارد حساب خود شوید تا بتوانید لینک ها را ببینید.
They are preferred by many construction companies because they are both pliable and sturdy. Steel pipes are utilized as building piles when the soil is too thin to support the weight of big structures. The structure itself, as well as its architectural style, are frequently included. In fact, construction companies are one of the major steel pipe buyers.
Steel pipes are frequently used in the construction of ships, oil refineries, and even space stations, and they are housed in a shipyard. Steel pipes are a good choice for building on the ground, in the ocean, or in space.
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